What is specific ground range?
David Osborn
Updated on June 19, 2026
Specific ground range (SGR) is very important for the ATPL Flight Planning exam, especially relating to PNR questions. SGR is a measurement of the kilograms of fuel burnt per nautical mile flown. So if your SGR was 10.5, you would burn 10.5kg per nautical mile flown, so if you fly 300nm, you will burn 3150kg.
How do you calculate SGR?
First, calculate SGR by multiplying one minus the dividend-payout-ratio by the return on equity. A SGR of 15% indicates that the company can increase future earnings and sales up to 15% annually without having to borrow more funds or issue new equity.
What is the formula for range of a projectile?
The range of an object, given the initial launch angle and initial velocity is found with: R=v2isin2θig R = v i 2 sin 2 θ i g .
What is specific range?
The specific range of an aircraft is defined as the number of nautical miles it can fly using a unit of fuel and depends mainly on its cruise speed, its altitude, and its mass.
How do I find a specific air range?
Specific Air Range (TAS / fuel flow) Engine gross fuel consumption or fuel flow (GFC) depends on how much power is requested related to its specific fuel consumption (SFC), thus GFC = SFC × Power. Combining these formula’s results in: SAR = TAS / Power × 1 / SFC.
How do you calculate internal growth rate?
An internal growth rate for a public company is calculated by first using the return on assets formula (net income divided by average total assets). Then the retention ratio is calculated by dividing retained earnings by net income (or, alternatively, dividing net income less dividends distributed by net income).
How do you find the growth rate?
How Do You Calculate the Growth Rate of a Population? Like any other growth rate calculation, a population’s growth rate can be computed by taking the current population size and subtracting the previous population size. Divide that amount by the previous size. Multiply that by 100 to get the percentage.
What is the range of an equation?
The range of a function is the set of numbers that the function can produce. In other words, it is the set of y-values that you get when you plug all of the possible x-values into the function. This set of possible x-values is called the domain.
How is ground speed calculated?
Ground speed can be determined by the vector sum of the aircraft’s true airspeed and the current wind speed and direction; a headwind subtracts from the ground speed, while a tailwind adds to it. Winds at other angles to the heading will have components of either headwind or tailwind as well as a crosswind component.
How does VA calculate stall speed?
Working back up to calculate our Va, remember we multiply the stall speed by the square root of the load factor. In this case 41.7 x 1.99 = 81.3. Checking our POH chart, we see that Cessna recommends a Va at 1600 lbs of 80 KCAS.